The Bible of the LXX
With this name it indicates the first Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, made in Alexandria, for the use of the Hellenized Jews who resided there, who generally no longer understood Hebrew. It is therefore also called “Alexandrine“. Most commonly it is, But, said of the LXX because, according to the oldest document that speaks of it, the Epistle of Aristea (that. 200 a.C.), would be due to 72 (rounded figure then to 70) doctors of the law, which, experts in Greek and Hebrew, brought the manuscripts from Jerusalem and retired to the island of Faro (the island of the famous lighthouse in the port of Alexandria, one of 7 wonders of the ancient world), near Alessandria, in 72 days would translate the whole Pentateuch. This would have happened at the request of Ptolemy Philadelphus (285-247 a.C.), who wanted to enrich his library in Alexandria. Aristea's letter to Philocrates is not, But, authentic and clearly has a celebratory intent of the Greek translation of the Bible. Later, to his story, added the legend according to which the translators, closed in separate cells, they managed to translate a perfectly identical version even in words.
Anyway, it is certain that this Greek version, begun in the third century. to.C. and performed by different translators and in different times, it was finished at the beginning of the second century. a.C.; first used by Jews living in Egypt, it spread throughout the Diaspora and became common in the Greco-Roman world and also in Palestine. In force since the time of Jesus, it was followed by the writers of the New Testament, by the Fathers and the Church, and it was the basis of many ancient versions, including the Latin one preceding the Vulgate of S. Girolamo.
The Council of Trent promoted an official edition, which came out with the date of 1586, made on the Vatican B manuscript, and became the Textus Receptus of the Greek Old Testament.
The importance of this version comes from the fact that it derives from Hebrew manuscripts prior to the work of unification carried out by the scribes.
The LXX Bible knows 7 books unknown to the Hebrew Bible, that is, the apocryphals, which Catholics call deuterocanonical: Tobia, Giuditta, 1 e 2 Maccabei, Baruch and the letter of Jeremiah (Bar 6), Sirach and Wisdom, as well as passages by Daniel and Esther present only in Greek.
Catholics have always favored this broad form of the canon, following the version of the LXX. These apocryphal books, although they are not recognized as inspired by both the Hebrew and Protestant canons, they consider them inspired equally.
the LXX Bible was also known in Palestine at the time of Jesus, hence it may reasonably be assumed that it was a cause for heated disputes regarding the books he had added to the Hebrew canon. But in this case Jesus would surely have put a stone on the matter by establishing once and for all with His authority which books were inspired and which were not.. Or it must be believed that the evangelists have neglected to report such an important decision? Unless you tell me that in Palestine they flatly rejected the LXX with no doubts whatsoever
“These are the words I used to say to you when I was still with you: that all things written about me in the law of Moses were to be fulfilled, in the prophets and psalms " (Luca 24:44)
At the time of Jesus the whole Old Testament was written and accepted by the Jews. The latest book, Malachi, it was completed in 430 to.C. Not only does the canon of the Old Testament of Christ conform to the Old Testament used for all the centuries after, but it does not contain the uninspired Apocrypha, a group of 14 books written after Malachi and added to the Old Testament at the beginning of the second century BC. in the Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament called the Septuagint (LXX), and which still appears in the Catholic Bible. But, not even a passage from the Apocrypha is quoted by any writer of the New Testament, and Jesus did not include any part of it when he recognized the Old Testament canon of his time (see Luca 24:27, and the verse 44 in which he confirms the triple division of the Hebrew canon).
At the time of Christ, the Old Testament was divided into two lists of 22 or 24 books, which contained the same material as the 39 books of modern versions. In the list of 22 books, Jeremiah and Lamentations were considered as one book, as well as Judges and Ruth. The list of 24 books was divided this way:
THE LAW
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
THE PROPHETS
The previous prophets: Joshua, judges, Samuele (1 e 2), Re (1 e 2)
The later prophets: Isaiah, Geremia, Ezekiel, the twelve (minor prophets)
THE WRITINGS
Poetic books: Strait, Proverbs, Job
The five rolls (Megilloth): Song of Songs, Rut, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Ester
Historical books: Daniele, Ezra-Neemia, Chronicles (1 e 2).
Gives: http://camcris.altervista.org/canone.html
ok, therefore it is well established that the Hebrew canon has divine approval. But according to my Bible (of Jerusalem) the book of Daniel was most likely composed in the second century BC during the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes: it's possible?
I'm sorry, unfortunately I can't answer you, I'm not very well prepared about it. I took the liberty of answering some of your questions because they are the same as I was asking myself, and having documented myself I thought that perhaps they could be useful to you. But I'm sure ChristianFaith will be able to answer you properly.